Local liquid permittivity gradient can amplify ionic signals of DNA in solid‐state nanopores.Įncapsulation of active compounds into liquid marbles (LMs) represents an emerging technology with potential applications in several fields including food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics. This phenomenon allows a novel way to enhance the single‐molecule sensitivity of nanopore sensing that may be useful in analyzing secondary structures and genome sequence of DNA by ionic current measurements. Most importantly, both the positive and negative gradients are demonstrated to be capable of amplifying the ionic signals by an order of magnitude with a 1.3‐fold difference in the transmembrane liquid dielectric constants. On the contrary, negative gradients render adverse effects causing conductive ionic current pulses upon polynucleotide translocations. Imposing positive liquid permittivity gradients with respect to the direction of DNA electrophoresis, this study observes the resistive ionic signals to become larger due to the varying contributions of molecular counterions. The transmembrane ionic current response is found to change substantially through modifying the liquid permittivity at one side of a pore with an organic solvent. Here, a permittivity gradient approach for amplifying ionic blockade characteristics of DNA in a nanofluidic channel is reported. Ionic signal amplification is a key challenge for single‐molecule analyses by solid‐state nanopore sensing. This work provides an effective method to quantify clogging ability and could be applied to more complex systems. ![]() A probabilistic model of clogging ability and performance is derived and used to verify the exponential formula. Inherently, an exponential correlation between clogging ability and size ratios is obtained using the cluster information - growth rate of clusters. An inter-particle contact pair method is developed to quantify the cluster size growth. A saturation volume fraction of fines in the entrance occurs at the critical transition point from depth filtration to caking, where the volume fraction is calculated by the spherical cap method. In this work, we numerically study the formation, growth, and connection of clusters in a porous medium and unveil the clogging mechanism of fines at pore-scale, i.e., bridging and locking essentially. The migration of fines suspended in the liquid through porous media represents a key challenge in many chemical engineering processes, yet the inherent fundamentals and roles of clusters were not well elucidated. These findings provide a route for using macrostructures to achieve precise droplet manipulation for diverse applications, such as anti-icing and chemical detection. A model is developed to accurately predict the splitting time, and a scaling law is proposed to illustrate the quantitative relationship between the horizontal transport velocity and impact parameters. ![]() The splitting of the impacting droplet is the precondition for this bidirectional movement, and the time required for splitting strongly correlates to the horizontal transport velocity. The transport distance can exceed 1 order of magnitude longer than the droplet size and the response time is reduced by 50% compared to the contact time on flat surfaces. Upon impacting on a wirelike ridge, the droplet splits into two parts, which have considerable horizontal transport velocity up to 34% of the initial impact velocity. Inspired by Setaria viridis leaves, we propose an efficient strategy to manipulate the split and transport of impacting droplets based on the simple design of liquid-repellent surfaces decorated with a ridge, and we report the large-scale, high-speed, and fast-response bidirectional transport of split droplets. Simple and smart directional transport of impacting droplets is of great significance for future life and industry, but there are still many challenges due to complex hydrodynamics.
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